Language Resource Center

AKAD UN1101 Elementary Akkadian I. 3 points.

Introduction to cuneiform script and to the Akkadian language, with emphasis on grammatical structure.

AKAD OC1101 ELEMENTARY AKKADIAN I. 3.00 points.

AKAD UN1102 Elementary Akkadian II. 3 points.

Introduction to cuneiform script and to the Akkadian language, with emphasis on grammatical structure.

AKAD OC1102 ELEMENTARY AKKADIAN II. 4.00 points.

Introduction to cuneiform script and to the Akkadian language, with emphasis on grammatical structure

AKAD UN2101 Intermediate Akkadian I. 3 points.

Prerequisites: AKAD UN1101 and AKAD UN1102

Readings in Akkadian literature.

AKAD OC2101 INTERMEDIATE AKKADIAN I. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: AKAD UN1101 and AKAD UN1102 or the instructor's permission. Readings in Akkadian literature

AKAD UN2102 Intermediate Akkadian II. 3 points.

Further readings in Akkadian literature

AKAD OC2102 INTERMEDIATE AKKADIAN II. 3.00 points.

Further readings in Akkadian literature

AKAD OC4102 ELEMENTARY AKKADIAN II. 3.00 points.

EGYP OC1101 ELEMENTARY ANCIENT EGYPTIAN I: INTRO TO CLASSICAL HIEROGLYPHIC EGYPTIAN (MIDDLE EGYPTIAN). 4.00 points.

Introduction to hieroglyphics; readings in ancient Egyptian texts

EGYP UN1102 INTRO-ANCIENT EGYPTIAN LANG II. 4 points.

Introduction to hieroglyphics; readings in ancient Egyptian texts.

EGYP OC1102 ELEMENTARY ANCIENT EGYPTIAN II: INTRO TO CLASSICAL HIEROGLYPHIC EGYPTIAN (MIDDLE EGYPTIAN). 4.00 points.

This course, the second in a two-semester sequence, will introduce students to the Middle Egyptian (Classical) dialect of the ancient Egyptian language. Students will become familiar with the hieroglyphic writing system, as well as key elements of the grammar and vocabulary of Middle Egyptian

EGYP OC1202 ADV ANCIENT EGYPTIAN II. 4.00 points.

EGYP UN2101 Advanced Ancient Egyptian I. 3 points.

Corequisites: EGYP W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission.

Advanced readings in ancient Egyptian texts.

EGYP OC2101 ADV ANCIENT EGYPTIAN I. 3.00 points.

EGYP UN2102 Advanced Ancient Egyptian II. 3 points.

Corequisites: EGYP W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission.

Advanced readings in ancient Egyptian texts.

EGYP OC2102 ADV ANCIENT EGYPTIAN II. 3.00 points.

EGYP OC4112 ADVANCED EGYPTIAN LANG II. 4.00 points.

ARAM UN1101 Elementary Aramaic I: Biblical Aramaic. 3 points.

Introduction to the various phases of Aramaic. Readings are selected from early and imperial documents, including Elephantine and inscriptions.

ARAM OC1101 ELEMENTARY ARAMAIC I. 3.00 points.

ARAM UN1102 Elementary Aramaic II: Qumran Aramaic. 3 points.

Introduction to Aramaic documents found at Qumran and contemporary sites. This represents the intermediate phase of Aramaic and Bar Kokhba texts.

ARAM OC1102 ELEMENTARY ARAMAIC II. 3.00 points.

ARAM UN2101 Intermediate Aramaic I (Syriac Aramaic). 3 points.

Introduction to sources preserved by the early Christian communities of the ancient and medieval Near East in Syriac.

ARAM OC2101 INTERMEDIATE ARAMAIC I. 3.00 points.

ARAM OC2102 INTERMEDIATE ARAMAIC II. 3.00 points.

BENG UN1101 ELEMENTARY BENGALI I. 4.00 points.

Introductory courses to Bengali, a major language of northeast India and Bangladesh

BENG UN1102 ELEMENTARY BENGALI II. 4.00 points.

Introductory courses to Bengali, a major language of northeast India and Bangladesh

BENG UN1202 INTERMEDIATE BENGALI II. 4.00 points.

BENG UN2101 INTERMEDIATE BENGALI I. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: BENG UN1101 and BENG UN1102 BENG W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission.
Prerequisites: BENG UN1101 and BENG UN1102 or the instructor's permission. Further develops a student's knowledge of Bengali, a major language of northeast India and Bangladesh

BENG UN2102 INTERMEDIATE BENGALI II. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: (BENG UN1101 and BENG UN1102) BENG W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission.
Prerequisites: (BENG UN1101 and BENG UN1102) BENG W1101-W1102 or the instructors permission. Further develops a students knowledge of Bengali, a major language of northeast India and Bangladesh

BENG UN3101 ADVANCED BENGALI I. 3.00 points.

Continuing instruction in Bengali at the advanced level focusing on conversation, interview, and discussion skills. Please note this course is offered by videoconferencing from Cornell as part of the Shared Course Initiative.

BENG UN3102 ADVANCED BENGALI II. 3.00 points.

Continuing instruction in Bengali at the advanced level focusing on conversation, interview, and discussion skills. Please note this course is offered by videoconferencing from Cornell as part of the Shared Course Initiative.

CANT UN1101 Elementary Cantonese I. 4 points.

This course introduces students to both the spoken and written Cantonese language, with achieving conversational proficiency being a primary goal. The course emphasizes oral expressions, listening comprehension, and grammar. It is designed to give beginning students a practical command of the language. Upon completion of the course, students can expect to converse in simple sentences, and recognize and write about 350 Chinese characters. Students with passable conversation ability or native speakers from Cantonese-speaking communities should not enroll in this course. Note: This course is part of the language exchange program with New York University (NYU). Classes will be held at NYU.

CANT OC1101 ELEMENTARY CANTONESE I. 4.00 points.

This course introduces students to both the spoken and written Cantonese language, with achieving conversational proficiency being a primary goal. The course emphasizes oral expressions, listening comprehension, and grammar. It is designed to give beginning students a practical command of the language. Upon completion of the course, students can expect to converse in simple sentences, and recognize and write about 350 Chinese characters. Students with passable conversation ability or native speakers from Cantonese-speaking communities should not enroll in this course. Note: This course is part of the language exchange program with New York University (NYU). Classes will be held at NYU

CANT UN1102 Elementary Cantonese II. 4 points.

This course introduces students to both the spoken and written Cantonese language, with achieving conversational proficiency being a primary goal. The course emphasizes oral expressions, listening comprehension, and grammar. It is designed to give beginning students a practical command of the language. Upon completion of the course, students can expect to converse in simple sentences, and recognize and write about 350 Chinese characters. Students with passable conversation ability or native speakers from Cantonese-speaking communities should not enroll in this course. Note: This course is part of the language exchange program with New York University (NYU). Classes will be held at NYU.

CANT OC1102 ELEMENTARY CANTONESE II. 4.00 points.

This course introduces students to both the spoken and written Cantonese language, with achieving conversational proficiency being a primary goal. The course emphasizes oral expressions, listening comprehension, and grammar. It is designed to give beginning students a practical command of the language. Upon completion of the course, students can expect to converse in simple sentences, and recognize and write about 350 Chinese characters. Students with passable conversation ability or native speakers from Cantonese-speaking communities should not enroll in this course. Note: This course is part of the language exchange program with New York University (NYU). Classes will be held at NYU

CANT UN1202 INTERMEDIATE CANTONESE II. 4.00 points.

CANT UN2101 INTERMEDIATE CANTONESE I. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: (CANT W1101 and CANT UN1102) CANT W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission.
Prerequisites: (CANT W1101 and CANT UN1102) CANT W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission. This course further continues the study of the Cantonese language. Emphasis is on linguistic rules to enable students to communicate with more competence. The lessons will not only focus on language, but also incorporate discussions on history, current events, literature, popular culture, and native values. Includes field trips to Chinatown and other Cantonese-speaking neighborhoods. Note: This course is part of the language exchange program with New York University (NYU). Classes will be held at NYU

CANT UN2102 INTERMEDIATE CANTONESE II. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: CANT W1101-W1102 or the instructors permission. This course further continues the study of the Cantonese language. Emphasis is on linguistic rules to enable students to communicate with more competence. The lessons will not only focus on language, but also incorporate discussions on history, current events, literature, popular culture, and native values. Includes field trips to Chinatown and other Cantonese-speaking neighborhoods. Note: This course is part of the language exchange program with New York University (NYU). Classes will be held at NYU

FILI OC1101 ELEMENTARY FILIPINO I. 4.00 points.

Introduction to Filipino with an emphasis on mastering basic skills and working vocabulary. Linguistic rules are applied to enable the student to communicate with more competence. Lessons incorporate discussions on history, current events, literature, pop culture, and native values. Includes field trips to Filipino neighborhoods in Queens and Jersey City. Note: This course is part of the language exchange program with New York University (NYU). Classes will be held at NYU

FILI UN1102 Elementary Filipino II. 4 points.

Introduction to Filipino with an emphasis on mastering basic skills and working vocabulary. Linguistic rules are applied to enable the student to communicate with more competence. Lessons incorporate discussions on history, current events, literature, pop culture, and native values. Includes field trips to Filipino neighborhoods in Queens and Jersey City. Note: This course is part of the language exchange program with New York University (NYU). Classes will be held at NYU.

FILI OC1102 ELEMENTARY FILIPINO II. 4.00 points.

Introduction to Filipino with an emphasis on mastering basic skills and working vocabulary. Linguistic rules are applied to enable the student to communicate with more competence. Lessons incorporate discussions on history, current events, literature, pop culture, and native values. Includes field trips to Filipino neighborhoods in Queens and Jersey City. Note: This course is part of the language exchange program with New York University (NYU). Classes will be held at NYU

FILI OC1202 INTERMEDIATE FILIPINO II. 4.00 points.

FILI OC2101 INTERMEDIATE FILIPINO I. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: FILI W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission. Emphasis is placed on the linguistic rules to enable students to communicate with more competence. The lessons will not only focus on language but also will use a holistic approach and incorporate discussions on history, current events, literature, pop culture, and native values. Note: This course is part of the language exchange program with New York University (NYU). Classes will be held at NYU

FILI UN2102 Intermediate Filipino II. 4 points.

Prerequisites: FILI W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission.

Emphasis is placed on the linguistic rules to enable students to communicate with more competence. The lessons will not only focus on language but also will use a holistic approach and incorporate discussions on history, current events, literature, pop culture, and native values. Note: This course is part of the language exchange program with New York University (NYU). Classes will be held at NYU.

FILI OC2102 INTERMEDIATE FILIPINO II. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: FILI W1101-W1102 or the instructors permission. Emphasis is placed on the linguistic rules to enable students to communicate with more competence. The lessons will not only focus on language but also will use a holistic approach and incorporate discussions on history, current events, literature, pop culture, and native values. Note: This course is part of the language exchange program with New York University (NYU). Classes will be held at NYU

INDO UN1101 ELEMENTARY INDONESIAN I. 4.00 points.

This course offers students an introduction to the basic structures of Bahasa Indonesia, a major language of Indonesia and South East Asia

INDO UN1102 ELEMENTARY INDONESIAN II. 4.00 points.

This course offers students an introduction to the basic structures of Bahasa Indonesia, a major language of Indonesia and South East Asia

INDO UN1202 INTERMEDIATE INDONESIAN II. 4.00 points.

INDO UN2101 INTERMEDIATE INDONESIAN I. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: INDO W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission. This course further develops a student's knowledge of Bahasa Indonesia, a major language of Indonesia and South East Asia

INDO UN2102 INTERMED. INDONESIAN II. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: INDO W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission.
Prerequisites: INDO W1101-W1102 or the instructors permission. This course further develops a students knowledge of Bahasa Indonesia, a major language of Indonesia and South East Asia

INDO UN3101 ADVANCED INDONESIAN I. 3.00 points.

This course offers students the opportunity to practice advanced structures of Bahasa Indonesia, a major language of Indonesia and South East Asia. This course is offered by videoconferencing from Cornell as part of the Shared Course Initiative

INDO UN3102 ADVANCED INDONESIAN II. 3.00 points.

This course offers students the opportunity to practice advanced structures of Bahasa Indonesia, a major language of Indonesia and South East Asia. This course is offered by videoconferencing from Cornell as part of the Shared Course Initiative

IRSH UN1101 Elementary Irish I. 4 points.

This course introduces students to the rudiments of the Irish language, including phonemes and pronunciation, syntactical structure, and verbal conjugations. In addition, a history of the language is provided, as well as a general introduction to Irish culture, including discussions of family and place names. Students are encouraged to begin speaking with basic sentence structures, eventually expanding into more complex verbal conjugations while concentrating on idiomatic expressions. The accumulation of vocabulary is stressed and students are introduced to basic literature in Irish while developing beginning conversational fluency.

IRSH OC1101 ELEMENTARY IRISH I. 4.00 points.

This course introduces students to the rudiments of the Irish language, including phonemes and pronunciation, syntactical structure, and verbal conjugations. In addition, a history of the language is provided, as well as a general introduction to Irish culture, including discussions of family and place names. Students are encouraged to begin speaking with basic sentence structures, eventually expanding into more complex verbal conjugations while concentrating on idiomatic expressions. The accumulation of vocabulary is stressed and students are introduced to basic literature in Irish while developing beginning conversational fluency

IRSH UN1102 Elementary Irish II. 4 points.

This course introduces students to the rudiments of the Irish language, including phonemes and pronunciation, syntactical structure, and verbal conjugations. In addition, a history of the language is provided, as well as a general introduction to Irish culture, including discussions of family and place names. Students are encouraged to begin speaking with basic sentence structures, eventually expanding into more complex verbal conjugations while concentrating on idiomatic expressions. The accumulation of vocabulary is stressed and students are introduced to basic literature in Irish while developing beginning conversational fluency.

IRSH OC1102 ELEMENTARY IRISH II. 4.00 points.

This course introduces students to the rudiments of the Irish language, including phonemes and pronunciation, syntactical structure, and verbal conjugations. In addition, a history of the language is provided, as well as a general introduction to Irish culture, including discussions of family and place names. Students are encouraged to begin speaking with basic sentence structures, eventually expanding into more complex verbal conjugations while concentrating on idiomatic expressions. The accumulation of vocabulary is stressed and students are introduced to basic literature in Irish while developing beginning conversational fluency

IRSH UN2101 Intermediate Irish I. 4 points.

Prerequisites: IRSH W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission.

For the more advanced student of Irish, this course focuses on improving conversational fluency and on expanding vocabulary through reading complex literature in Irish, and writing in the Irish language, further encouraging students to strengthen their pronunciation and command of spoken Irish.

IRSH OC2101 INTERMEDIATE IRISH I. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: IRSH W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission. For the more advanced student of Irish, this course focuses on improving conversational fluency and on expanding vocabulary through reading complex literature in Irish, and writing in the Irish language, further encouraging students to strengthen their pronunciation and command of spoken Irish

IRSH UN2102 Intermediate Irish II. 4 points.

Prerequisites: (IRSH UN1101 and IRSH UN1102)

For the more advanced student of Irish, this course focuses on improving conversational fluency and on expanding vocabulary through reading complex literature in Irish, and writing in the Irish language, further encouraging students to strengthen their pronunciation and command of spoken Irish.

IRSH OC2102 INTERMEDIATE IRISH II. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: (IRSH UN1101 and IRSH UN1102) IRSH UN1101-UN1102 or the instructors permission. For the more advanced student of Irish, this course focuses on improving conversational fluency and on expanding vocabulary through reading complex literature in Irish, and writing in the Irish language, further encouraging students to strengthen their pronunciation and command of spoken Irish

KHMR UN1101 Elementary Khmer I. 4 points.

This course is designed to bring students with no background to a point where they can perform most basic linguistic functions in Khmer, including greetings, likes/dislikes, telling about yourself, describing places and situations, all in appropriate time frames. The class uses a highly interactive classroom style, supplemented by extensive use of video - both prepared and student-produced - and other computer-assisted tools. Please note this course is offered by videoconferencing from Cornell as part of the Shared Course Initiative.

KHMR OC1101 ELEMENTARY KHMER I. 4.00 points.

This course is designed to bring students with no background to a point where they can perform most basic linguistic functions in Khmer, including greetings, likes/dislikes, telling about yourself, describing places and situations, all in appropriate time frames. The class uses a highly interactive classroom style, supplemented by extensive use of video - both prepared and student-produced - and other computer-assisted tools. Please note this course is offered by videoconferencing from Cornell as part of the Shared Course Initiative

KHMR UN1102 Elementary Khmer II. 4 points.

This course is designed to bring students with no background to a point where they can perform most basic linguistic functions in Khmer, including greetings, likes/dislikes, telling about yourself, describing places and situations, all in appropriate time frames. The class uses a highly interactive classroom style, supplemented by extensive use of video - both prepared and student-produced - and other computer-assisted tools. Please note this course is offered by videoconferencing from Cornell as part of the Shared Course Initiative.

KHMR OC1102 ELEMENTARY KHMER II. 4.00 points.

This course is designed to bring students with no background to a point where they can perform most basic linguistic functions in Khmer, including greetings, likes/dislikes, telling about yourself, describing places and situations, all in appropriate time frames. The class uses a highly interactive classroom style, supplemented by extensive use of video - both prepared and student-produced - and other computer-assisted tools. Please note this course is offered by videoconferencing from Cornell as part of the Shared Course Initiative

KHMR UN2101 Intermediate Khmer I. 4 points.

In this course, learners will continue practicing all four language skills through every day dialogues, writing letters, and describing basic situations. In addition, they will be introduced to Khmer literature and learn how to read and comprehend basic Khmer texts, such as newspaper articles. Finally, they will be introduced to current affairs as well as social, artistic, and cultural events and issues in Cambodia. The class uses a highly interactive classroom style, supplemented by extensive use of video – both prepared and student-produced – and other computer-assisted tools. Please note this course is offered by videoconferencing from Cornell as part of the Shared Course Initiative.

KHMR UN2102 Intermediate Khmer II. 4.00 points.

This course focuses on learning Khmer (the national language of Cambodia) for students who have completed Intermediate Khmer I. Students will be able to communicate in every day conversation using complex questions/answers. The course focuses on reading, writing, speaking, and listening to Khmer words, long sentences, and texts. The course is also emphasized on grammar, sentence structure and their use in the right context. This course is applied to persons who want to continue to learn Khmer and want to pursue the language study in the future

KREY UN1101 Elementary Haitian Kreyol I. 4 points.

This course introduces students to the language of Haitian Kreyòl, also called Creole, and is intended for students with little or no prior knowledge of the language. Haitian Kreyòl is spoken by Haiti’s population of nine million and by about one million Haitians in the U.S. Including over 190,000 in the New York City area. In fact, New York City has the second largest population of Kreyòl Speakers after Port--au--Prince, Haiti’s capital. Through this course, you will develop introductory speaking, reading, and writing skills. We use a communicative approach, balanced with grammatical and phonetic techniques. Classroom and textbook materials are complemented by work with film, radio, and especially music (konpa, rasin, twoubadou, rap, raga, levanjil, vodou tradisyonèl, etc.), as well as with visits to city museums and institutions related to Haiti. Note: This course is part of the language exchange program with New York University (NYU). Classes will be held at NYU.

KREY OC1101 ELEMENTARY HAITIAN KREYOL I. 4.00 points.

This course introduces students to the language of Haitian Kreyòl, also called Creole, and is intended for students with little or no prior knowledge of the language. Haitian Kreyòl is spoken by Haiti’s population of nine million and by about one million Haitians in the U.S. Including over 190,000 in the New York City area. In fact, New York City has the second largest population of Kreyòl Speakers after Port--au--Prince, Haiti’s capital. Through this course, you will develop introductory speaking, reading, and writing skills. We use a communicative approach, balanced with grammatical and phonetic techniques. Classroom and textbook materials are complemented by work with film, radio, and especially music (konpa, rasin, twoubadou, rap, raga, levanjil, vodou tradisyonèl, etc.), as well as with visits to city museums and institutions related to Haiti. Note: This course is part of the language exchange program with New York University (NYU). Classes will be held at NYU

KREY UN1102 Elementary Haitian Kreyol II. 4 points.

This course introduces students to the language of Haitian Kreyòl, also called Creole, and is intended for students with little or no prior knowledge of the language. Haitian Kreyòl is spoken by Haiti’s population of nine million and by about one million Haitians in the U.S. Including over 190,000 in the New York City area. In fact, New York City has the second largest population of Kreyòl Speakers after Port--au--Prince, Haiti’s capital. Through this course, you will develop introductory speaking, reading, and writing skills. We use a communicative approach, balanced with grammatical and phonetic techniques. Classroom and textbook materials are complemented by work with film, radio, and especially music (konpa, rasin, twoubadou, rap, raga, levanjil, vodou tradisyonèl, etc.), as well as with visits to city museums and institutions related to Haiti. Note: This course is part of the language exchange program with New York University (NYU). Classes will be held at NYU.

KREY OC1102 ELEMENTARY HAITIAN KREYOL II. 4.00 points.

This course introduces students to the language of Haitian Kreyòl, also called Creole, and is intended for students with little or no prior knowledge of the language. Haitian Kreyòl is spoken by Haiti’s population of nine million and by about one million Haitians in the U.S. Including over 190,000 in the New York City area. In fact, New York City has the second largest population of Kreyòl Speakers after Port--au--Prince, Haiti’s capital. Through this course, you will develop introductory speaking, reading, and writing skills. We use a communicative approach, balanced with grammatical and phonetic techniques. Classroom and textbook materials are complemented by work with film, radio, and especially music (konpa, rasin, twoubadou, rap, raga, levanjil, vodou tradisyonèl, etc.), as well as with visits to city museums and institutions related to Haiti. Note: This course is part of the language exchange program with New York University (NYU). Classes will be held at NYU

KREY OC2101 INTERMEDIATE HAITIAN KREYOL I. 4.00 points.

Intermediate Haitian Creole I is intended to continue the material covered in Elementary Haitian Creole I and II. It is intended for students who already have a strong comprehension of the grammar, sounds, and vocabulary of Haitian Creole. The course is taught primarily in Haitian Creole. Students are guided to a more advanced level of the Haitian Creole language to further develop speaking, reading, writing, and listening comprehension skills. A communicative approach is used and class materials are complemented by work with film, radio, and music (konpa, rasin, twoubadou, rap, raga, levanjil, vodou tradisyonèl, etc.), as well as with visits to city museums and other cultural institutions

KREY OC2102 INTERMEDIATE HAITIAN KREYOL II. 4.00 points.

Intermediate Haitian Creole II is intended to continue the material covered in Elementary Haitian Creole I and II. It is intended for students who already have a strong comprehension of the grammar, sounds, and vocabulary of Haitian Creole. The course is taught primarily in Haitian Creole. Students are guided to a more advanced level of the Haitian Creole language to further develop speaking, reading, writing, and listening comprehension skills. A communicative approach is used and class materials are complemented by work with film, radio, and music (konpa, rasin, twoubadou, rap, raga, levanjil, vodou tradisyonèl, etc.),

PULA UN1101 Elementary Pulaar I. 4 points.

This course offers students an introduction to the basic structures of Pulaar, a major language of West Africa. No P/D/F or R credit is allowed for this class.

PULA UN1102 Elementary Pulaar II. 4 points.

This course offers students an introduction to the basic structures of Pulaar, a major language of West Africa. No P/D/F or R credit is allowed for this class.

PULA UN2101 Intermediate Pulaar I. 3 points.

This course further develops a student's knowledge of Pulaar, a major language of West Africa. No P/D/F or R credit is allowed for this class.

PULA UN2102 Intermediate Pulaar II. 4 points.

This course further develops a student's knowledge of Pulaar, a major language of West Africa. No P/D/F or R credit is allowed for this class.

PUNJ UN1101 ELEMENTARY PUNJABI I. 4.00 points.

Introduction to Punjabi, a major language of northern India and Pakistan. Beginning with the study of the Gurmukhi script, the course offers an intensive study of the speaking, reading, and writing of the language

PUNJ UN1102 ELEMENTARY PUNJABI II. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: Shared course. Contact ck2831@columbia.edu for more Info. Introduction to Punjabi, a major language of northern India and Pakistan. Beginning with the study of the Gurmukhi script, the course offers an intensive study of the speaking, reading, and writing of the language

PUNJ UN2101 INTERMEDIATE PUNJABI I. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: PUNJ W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission. Further develops a student's writing, reading, and oral skills in Punjabi, a major language of northern India and Pakistan

PUNJ UN2102 INTERMEDIATE PUNJABI II. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: PUNJ W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission.
Prerequisites: PUNJ W1101-W1102 or the instructors permission. Further develops a students writing, reading, and oral skills in Punjabi, a major language of northern India and Pakistan

QUCH UN1101 Elementary Quechua I. 4 points.

Quechua is the most important and most widely-distributed indigenous language in South America, with over 10 million speakers living from the high mountains to the tropical lowlands in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Those who speak it call the language runa simi or runa shimi, "human speech." It was the principal language of the Inca empire and the key language of cultural interaction during the colonial era. Quechua has remained central to indigenous peoples' efforts to preserve their cultural autonomy. It has gained greater force in recent years, during which indigenous movements have swept Quechua speakers into national politics, where they have succeeded in transforming constitutions to recognize cultural diversity, making Quechua an official language of state, and successfully promoting schooling in the language. Students who satisfactorily complete Elementary Quechua I and II will be well-prepared for intensive summer study at one of many summer study abroad programs in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia that will put them in closer contact with the indigenous world.

QUCH OC1101 ELEMENTARY QUECHUA I. 4.00 points.

Quechua is the most important and most widely-distributed indigenous language in South America, with over 10 million speakers living from the high mountains to the tropical lowlands in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Those who speak it call the language runa simi or runa shimi, human speech. It was the principal language of the Inca empire and the key language of cultural interaction during the colonial era. Quechua has remained central to indigenous peoples efforts to preserve their cultural autonomy. It has gained greater force in recent years, during which indigenous movements have swept Quechua speakers into national politics, where they have succeeded in transforming constitutions to recognize cultural diversity, making Quechua an official language of state, and successfully promoting schooling in the language. Students who satisfactorily complete Elementary Quechua I and II will be well-prepared for intensive summer study at one of many summer study abroad programs in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia that will put them in closer contact with the indigenous world

QUCH UN1102 Elementary Quechua II. 4 points.

Quechua is the most important and most widely-distributed indigenous language in South America, with over 10 million speakers living from the high mountains to the tropical lowlands in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Those who speak it call the language runa simi or runa shimi, "human speech." It was the principal language of the Inca empire and the key language of cultural interaction during the colonial era. Quechua has remained central to indigenous peoples' efforts to preserve their cultural autonomy. It has gained greater force in recent years, during which indigenous movements have swept Quechua speakers into national politics, where they have succeeded in transforming constitutions to recognize cultural diversity, making Quechua an official language of state, and successfully promoting schooling in the language. Students who satisfactorily complete Elementary Quechua I and II will be well-prepared for intensive summer study at one of many summer study abroad programs in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia that will put them in closer contact with the indigenous world.

QUCH OC1102 ELEMENTARY QUECHUA II. 4.00 points.

Quechua is the most important and most widely-distributed indigenous language in South America, with over 10 million speakers living from the high mountains to the tropical lowlands in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Those who speak it call the language runa simi or runa shimi, human speech. It was the principal language of the Inca empire and the key language of cultural interaction during the colonial era. Quechua has remained central to indigenous peoples efforts to preserve their cultural autonomy. It has gained greater force in recent years, during which indigenous movements have swept Quechua speakers into national politics, where they have succeeded in transforming constitutions to recognize cultural diversity, making Quechua an official language of state, and successfully promoting schooling in the language. Students who satisfactorily complete Elementary Quechua I and II will be well-prepared for intensive summer study at one of many summer study abroad programs in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia that will put them in closer contact with the indigenous world

QUCH OC1202 INTERMEDIATE QUECHUA II. 4.00 points.

QUCH UN2101 Intermediate Quechua I. 4 points.

Prerequisites: QUCH W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission.

Quechua is the most important and most widely-distributed indigenous language in South America, with over 10 million speakers living from the high mountains to the tropical lowlands in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Those who speak it call the language runa simi or runa shimi, "human speech." It was the principal language of the Inca empire and the key language of cultural interaction during the colonial era. Quechua has remained central to indigenous peoples' efforts to preserve their cultural autonomy. It has gained greater force in recent years, during which indigenous movements have swept Quechua speakers into national politics, where they have succeeded in transforming constitutions to recognize cultural diversity, making Quechua an official language of state, and successfully promoting schooling in the language. Students who satisfactorily complete Elementary Quechua I and II will be well-prepared for intensive summer study at one of many summer study abroad programs in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia that will put them in closer contact with the indigenous world.

QUCH OC2101 INTERMEDIATE QUECHUA I. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: QUCH W1101-W1102 or the instructors permission. Quechua is the most important and most widely-distributed indigenous language in South America, with over 10 million speakers living from the high mountains to the tropical lowlands in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Those who speak it call the language runa simi or runa shimi, human speech. It was the principal language of the Inca empire and the key language of cultural interaction during the colonial era. Quechua has remained central to indigenous peoples efforts to preserve their cultural autonomy. It has gained greater force in recent years, during which indigenous movements have swept Quechua speakers into national politics, where they have succeeded in transforming constitutions to recognize cultural diversity, making Quechua an official language of state, and successfully promoting schooling in the language. Students who satisfactorily complete Elementary Quechua I and II will be well-prepared for intensive summer study at one of many summer study abroad programs in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia that will put them in closer contact with the indigenous world

QUCH UN2102 Intermediate Quechua II. 4 points.

Quechua is the most important and most widely-distributed indigenous language in South America, with over 10 million speakers living from the high mountains to the tropical lowlands in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Those who speak it call the language runa simi or runa shimi, "human speech." It was the principal language of the Inca empire and the key language of cultural interaction during the colonial era. Quechua has remained central to indigenous peoples' efforts to preserve their cultural autonomy. It has gained greater force in recent years, during which indigenous movements have swept Quechua speakers into national politics, where they have succeeded in transforming constitutions to recognize cultural diversity, making Quechua an official language of state, and successfully promoting schooling in the language. Students who satisfactorily complete Elementary Quechua I and II will be well-prepared for intensive summer study at one of many summer study abroad programs in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia that will put them in closer contact with the indigenous world.

QUCH OC2102 Intermediate Quechua II. 4 points.

Prerequisites: QUCH W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission.

Quechua is the most important and most widely-distributed indigenous language in South America, with over 10 million speakers living from the high mountains to the tropical lowlands in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Those who speak it call the language runa simi or runa shimi, "human speech." It was the principal language of the Inca empire and the key language of cultural interaction during the colonial era. Quechua has remained central to indigenous peoples' efforts to preserve their cultural autonomy. It has gained greater force in recent years, during which indigenous movements have swept Quechua speakers into national politics, where they have succeeded in transforming constitutions to recognize cultural diversity, making Quechua an official language of state, and successfully promoting schooling in the language. Students who satisfactorily complete Elementary Quechua I and II will be well-prepared for intensive summer study at one of many summer study abroad programs in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia that will put them in closer contact with the indigenous world.

RMAN UN1101 ELEMENTARY ROMANIAN I. 4.00 points.

Provides students with an introduction to the basic structures of the Romanian language

RMAN UN1102 ELEMENTARY ROMANIAN II. 4.00 points.

Provides students with an introduction to the basic structures of the Romanian language

RMAN UN2101 INTERMEDIATE ROMANIAN I. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: RMAN W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission. Further explores the grammatical and linguistic structures of the Romanian language

RMAN UN2102 Intermediate Romanian II. 4 points.

Prerequisites: RMAN W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission.

Further explores the grammatical and linguistic structures of the Romanian language.

RMAN GU4002 Romanian Culture, Identity and Complexes. 3 points.

This course addresses the main problems that contribute to the making of Romanian identity, as fragmented or as controversial as it may seem to those who study it. The aim is to become familiar with the deepest patterns of Romanian identity, as we encounter it today, either in history, political studies, fieldwork in sociology or, simply, when we interact with Romanians. By using readings and presentations produced by Romanian specialists, we aim to be able to see the culture with an "insider's eye", as much as we can. This perspective will enable us to develop mechanisms of understanding the Romanian culture and mentality independently, at a more profound level and to reason upon them.

RMAN GU4003 Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Elements of Romanian Culture. 3 points.

...The Byzantine as "post-Romantic", as "eclectic", "Oriental", in its version of localized, picturesque, intra-European Orientalism appears less explored and probably less considered of importance when trying to understand the intricacies of a culture and, by expanding it, of culture in general.  Our explorations of Byzantine/Byzantinism will help us develop a subtler understanding of the mechanisms of the cultural equation West/Orient and of the cultural hierarchies....

SINH UN1101 ELEMENTARY SINHALA I. 4.00 points.

This course is designed to bring students with no background to a point where they can perform most basic linguistic functions in Sinhala, including greetings, likes/dislikes, telling about yourself, describing places and situations, all in appropriate time frames. The class uses a highly interactive classroom style, supplemented by extensive use of video - both prepared and student-produced - and other computer-assisted tools. Please note this course is offered by videoconferencing from Cornell as part of the Shared Course Initiative

SINH UN1102 Elementary Sinhala II. 4 points.

This course is designed to bring students with no background to a point where they can perform most basic linguistic functions in Sinhala, including greetings, likes/dislikes, telling about yourself, describing places and situations, all in appropriate time frames. The class uses a highly interactive classroom style, supplemented by extensive use of video – both prepared and student-produced – and other computer-assisted tools. Please note this course is offered by videoconferencing from Cornell as part of the Shared Course Initiative.

SINH UN2101 INTERMEDIATE SINHALA I. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: SINH W1101-1102 or the instructor's permission. In this course, learners will continue practicing all four language skills through every day dialogues, writing letters, and describing basic situations. In addition, they will be introduced to Sinhala literature and learn how to read and comprehend basic Sinhala texts, such as newspaper articles. Finally, they will be introduced to current affairs as well as social, artistic, and cultural events and issues in Sri Lanka. The class uses a highly interactive classroom style supplemented by extensive use of video - both prepared and student-produced - and other computer-assisted tools. Please note this course is offered by videoconferencing from Cornell as part of the Shared Course Initiative

SINH UN2102 Intermediate Sinhala II. 4 points.

Prerequisites: SINH W1101-1102 or the instructor's permission.

In this course, learners will continue practicing all four language skills through every day dialogues, writing letters, and describing basic situations. In addition, they will be introduced to Sinhala literature and learn how to read and comprehend basic Sinhala texts, such as newspaper articles. Finally, they will be introduced to current affairs as well as social, artistic, and cultural events and issues in Sri Lanka. The class uses a highly interactive classroom style supplemented by extensive use of video – both prepared and student-produced – and other computer-assisted tools. Please note this course is offered by videoconferencing from Cornell as part of the Shared Course Initiative.

SINH UN3101 Literary Sinhala I. 3.00 points.

This one-semester course introduces the distinctive grammatical forms and vocabulary used in Literary Sinhala. While focused particularly on the development of reading skills, the course also introduces students to Literary Sinhala composition, builds students’ listening comprehension of semi-literary Sinhala forms (such as those used in radio and TV news), and guides students in incorporating elements of the literary register of Sinhala in their spoken production

SINH UN3102 Literary Sinhala II. 3.00 points.

This one-semester course further develops students' comprehension of written Literary Sinhala, using sample materials from a variety of genres prepared by the instructor, as well as excerpts from texts relevant to graduate student research (when appropriate)

SINH UN3998 SUPERVISED READINGS II. 1.00 point.

SINH UN3999 SUPERVISED READINGS II. 1.00 point.

TWI UN1101 ELEMENTARY TWI (AKAN) I. 4.00 points.

This course is designed as the first part of an elementary language sequence. It is designed for students who will be introduced to the basic structure of Twi and the culture of the Akan-Twi-speaking people. Instruction is in the target language with an expected proficiency goal of Novice Mid at the end of the semester. Students will be introduced to basic grammar and communicative skills as well as cultural activities. This will be reinforced through role plays, conversations, dialogues and songs. At the end of the course, students are expected to acquire basic grammar competence and be able to use appropriate expressions for everyday situations with an understanding and appreciation of the culture of the Akan people in Ghana, West Africa. In addition to Asante Twi, students will be exposed to Akuapem Twi and Fante

TWI UN1102 ELEMENTARY TWI (AKAN) II. 4.00 points.

This course is designed as the second part of an elementary language sequence. It is designed for students who will be introduced to the basic structure of Twi and the culture of the Akan-Twi-speaking people. Instruction is in the target language with an expected proficiency goal of Novice Mid at the end of the semester. Students will be introduced to basic grammar and communicative skills as well as cultural activities. This will be reinforced through role plays, conversations, dialogues and songs. At the end of the course, students are expected to acquire basic grammar competence and be able to use appropriate expressions for everyday situations with an understanding and appreciation of the culture of the Akan people in Ghana, West Africa. In addition to Asante Twi, students will be exposed to Akuapem Twi and Fante

TWI UN2101 Intermediate Twi I. 4.00 points.

This course is a continuation of TWI 102. It builds on the basic Twi structures acquired in TWI 101 ＆ TWI 102. Students will continue to build on their vocabulary through short readings and dialogues. It continues to focus on communicative skills and cultural awareness. By the end of the course, learners are expected to reach proficiency level ranging between Intermediate Low and Intermediate Mid. In addition to Asante Twi, students will be exposed to Akuapem Twi and Fante

UZBK UN1101 Elementary Uzbek I. 4 points.

This course offers students an introduction to the basic structures of Uzbek, a major language of Central Asia.

UZBK UN1102 Elementary Uzbek II. 4 points.

This course offers students an introduction to the basic structures of Uzbek, a major language of Central Asia.

UZBK UN2101 Intermediate Uzbek I. 4 points.

This course further develops a student's knowledge of Uzbek, a major language of Central Asia.

UZBK UN2102 Intermediate Uzbek II. 4 points.

This course further develops a student's knowledge of Uzbek, a major language of Central Asia.

YORU UN1101 ELEMENTARY YORUBA I. 4.00 points.

This course is designed to bring students with no background to a point where they can perform most basic linguistic functions in Yoruba, including greetings, likes/dislikes, telling about yourself, describing places and situations, all in appropriate time frames. The class uses a highly interactive classroom style, supplemented by extensive use of video - both prepared and student-produced - and other computer-assisted tools. Please note this course is offered by videoconferencing from Cornell as part of the Shared Course Initiative

YORU UN1102 Elementary Yoruba II. 4 points.

This course is designed to bring students with no background to a point where they can perform most basic linguistic functions in Yoruba, including greetings, likes/dislikes, telling about yourself, describing places and situations, all in appropriate time frames. The class uses a highly interactive classroom style, supplemented by extensive use of video – both prepared and student-produced – and other computer-assisted tools. Please note this course is offered by videoconferencing from Cornell as part of the Shared Course Initiative.

YORU UN2101 INTERMEDIATE YORUBA I. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: YORU W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission. In this course, learners will continue practicing all four language skills through every day dialogues, writing letters, and describing basic situations. In addition, they will be introduced to Yoruba literature and learn how to read and comprehend basic Yoruba texts, such as newspaper articles. Finally, they will be introduced to current affairs as well as social, artistic and, cultural events and issues in Nigeria. The class uses a highly interactive classroom style, supplemented by extensive use of video - both prepared and student-produced - and other computer-assisted tools. Please note this course is offered by videoconferencing from Cornell as part of the Shared Course Initiative

YORU UN2102 Intermediate Yoruba II. 4 points.

Prerequisites: YORU W1101-W1102 or the instructor's permission.

In this course, learners will continue practicing all four language skills through every day dialogues, writing letters, and describing basic situations. In addition, they will be introduced to Yoruba literature and learn how to read and comprehend basic Yoruba texts, such as newspaper articles. Finally, they will be introduced to current affairs as well as social, artistic and, cultural events and issues in Nigeria. The class uses a highly interactive classroom style, supplemented by extensive use of video – both prepared and student-produced – and other computer-assisted tools. Please note this course is offered by videoconferencing from Cornell as part of the Shared Course Initiative.

YORU UN3101 ADVANCED YORUBA I. 3.00 points.

YORU UN3102 ADVANCED YORUBA II. 3.00 points.

YORU UN3997 SUPERVISED READINGS I. 2.00 points.

ZULU UN1101 ELEMENTARY ZULU I. 4.00 points.

Introduces students to the basic structures of Zulu, a Bantu language spoken in South Africa, especially in the Zululand area of KwaZulu/Natal province

ZULU UN1102 ELEMENTARY ZULU II. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: ZULU W1201-W1202 or the instructor's permission.
Prerequisites: ZULU W1201-W1202 or the instructors permission. Introduces students to the basic structures of Zulu, a Bantu language spoken in South Africa, especially in the Zululand area of KwaZulu/Natal province

ZULU UN2101 INTERMEDIATE ZULU I. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: ZULU W1201-W1202 or the instructor's permission. Provides students with an in-depth review of the essentials of the Zulu grammar. Students are also able to practice their language skills in conversation

ZULU UN2102 INTERMEDIATE ZULU II. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: ZULU W1201-W1202 or the instructor's permission.
Prerequisites: ZULU W1201-W1202 or the instructors permission. Provides students with an in-depth review of the essentials of the Zulu grammar. Students are also able to practice their language skills in conversation

ZULU UN3101 ADVANCED ZULU I. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: ZULU W1201-W1202 or the instructor's permission.
Prerequisites: ZULU W1201-W1202 or the instructor's permission. This course allows students to practice adanced structures of the Zulu language. Please note this course is offered by videoconference from Yale through the Shared Course Initiative

ZULU UN3102 ADVANCED ZULU II. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: ZULU W1201-W1202 or the instructors permission. This course allows students to practice adanced structures of the Zulu language. Please note this course is offered by videoconference from Yale through the Shared Course Initiative